Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transpapillary papilloplasty in patients with choledocholithiasis. Materials and methods: All endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed at Hospital Ana Costa, in the city of Santos, Brazil, over the last five years were retrospectively evaluated using the hospital’s information database. The success of the procedure and complications due to residual calculi, pancreatitis, bleeding and perforation were evaluated. Results: From January 2010 to May 2014, 1860 ERCP procedures were performed. Fifty-five patients were evaluated here. Their ages ranged from 12 to 98 years (mean, 66.3; standard deviation, 19.34; median, 71). Thirty-two patients (58.2%) were women. Sixteen (29.1%) presented giant choledocholithiasis, with calculi larger than 12 mm. Twenty-seven (49.1%) had multiple choledocholithiasis. Conclusion: In view of the therapeutic efficacy and low complication rate among our patients, we can conclude that endoscopic papilloplasty is a safe and effective method for endoscopic treatment of choledocolithiasis in selected cases.

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la papiloplastía trnaspapilar en la colédoco litiasis. Material y métodos: Todas las colangoipancreatografías retrogradas endoscópicas (CPRE) realizadas en el Hospital Ana Costa en la ciudad de Santos Brasil, en los últimos cinco años fueron evaluadas retrospectivamente usando la base de datos del hospital. El éxito y las complicaciones del procedimiento debido a cálculos residuales, pancreatitis, sangrados y perforación fueron estudiados. Resultados: De enero del 2010 a mayo del 2014, se realizaron 1860 CPREs. Se estudiaron 55 pacientes, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 12 a 98 años con una media de 66,3 y desviación estándar de 19,34. Treinta dos pacientes fueron mujeres (58,2%). 16 (29,1%) tuvieron litiasis coledociana gigante con cálculos mayores de 12 mm y veintisiete (49,1%) tuvieron litiasis múltiple. Conclusión: En vista de la eficacia y la poca frecuencia de complicaciones entre nuestros pacientes podemos concluir que la papilotomía endoscópica es un método seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis en casos seleccionados.

To study the effect of the annealing temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of a 2%Si non-oriented steel cold rolled samples were submitted to final annealing in the temperature range of 540 °C to 980 °C in hydrogen atmosphere. The samples had received cold rolling reduction of 75% to a final thickness of 0.50 mm. Recovery and recrystallization resulted in significant improvement of magnetic properties, with decrease of iron loss (W1.5) and increase of polarisation (J50) and relative permeability (µ1.5). On further grain growth, after recrystallization, there was simultaneous decrease of iron loss, polarisation and relative permeability. Texture evolution on grain growth accounts for the observed decrease of J50 and µ1.5. The beneficial effect of increasing grain size on core loss overcomes the detrimental effect of texture resulting in decrease of W1.5.

A melhora clínica da função cardíaca pós aneurismectomia de ventrículo esquerdo e/ou cardiomioplastia com o músculo grande dorsal parece ser, ao menos parcialmente, devida ao remodelamento do ventrículo esquerdo. Através de pesquisa em nosso laboratório experimental com carneiros, demonstramos que o aumento do diâmetro do ventrículo é mais importante que a perda de massa muscular para a deterioração da função ventricular. Sabendo-se que em miocardiopatia dilatada não ocorre aumento de massa muscular, reduzimos o diâmetro do ventrículo para o normal, em uma série consecutiva de pacientes com esta lesão. No período de 1984 a 1995, foram operados com esta nova técnica, denominada, então, "Ventriculectomia Parcial", 103 pacientes portadores de miocardiopatias complexas e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (NYHA IV). A operação é baseada na lei de Laplace (T=P.11.D) e consistiu na remoção de uma fatia de músculo da parede lateral do ventrículo esquerdo, iniciando-se na ponta deste, estendendo-se entre os músculos papilares e terminando próximo ao anel mitral. A cirurgia é realizada sob circulação extracorpórea normotérmica e não se utiliza cardioplegia. "Todos os pacientes foram avaliados pré-operatoriamente com ecodopplercardiografia e ventriculografia digital, os quais revelaram fração de ejeção < 20%, confirmando estes pacientes como candidatos ao transplante cardíaco. A maioria era do sexo masculino (n=73) e a idade variou de 19 a 74 anos. As doenças foram: miocardite a virus (n=12); pós miocardioplastia (n=1); doença de Chagas (n=15); doença valvar (n=38); doença isquémica (n=16); idiopática (n=21). Óbitos hospitalares (ocorridos nos primeiros 30 dias da cirurgia) (n=13): embolia pulmonar (n=4); insuficiência renal (n=5); sangramento (n=4). Óbitos tardios (ocorridos depois do 30º dia de cirurgia) (n=10): arritmia (n=6); "insuficiência cardíaca" (n=2); causa desconhecida (n=2); 8 pacientes precisaram ser reoperados por sangramento. Não houve infecção e nenhum paciente precisou balão intra-aórtico. Todos saíram com nitroprussiato e 19 pacientes, com inotrópicos. A ventriculografia e a ecocardiografia pós-op mostraram melhora acentuada da FE (de 100% a 300%). Em conclusão, a nova técnrca "Ventriculectomia Parcial", com o objetivo de reduzir o diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo, pode beneficiar pacientes em estágio final de cardiopatia dilatada. Este novo conceito pode, na nossa experiência, proporcionar ao paciente melhora clínica significativa e prolongamento de sua vida.

The clinical improvement of cardiac function post left ventricular aneurysmectomy and/or cardiomyoplasty with the latissimus dorsi muscle seems to be due to the remodeling of the left ventricle. We did some experiments with sheep in our laboratory and we concluded that the increment of ventricular diameter is more deleterious than loss of muscle mass to the ventricular function. Since there is no increment in muscle mass to the dilated hearts, we reduced their diameter to accomplish a better ventricular function in a series of very sick patients with dilated hearts. From 1984 to 1995, 103 patients with complex cardiac problems and end stage congestive heart failure (NYHA IV) with dilated cardiomyopathy underwent "Partial Ventriculectomy". The operation was based on Laplace's law (T-P.II.D) and consisted of removal of a large wedge of muscle from the lateral wall of the left ventricle beginning at the apex and extending between the papillary muscles, ending proximal to the mitral annulus. The operation was performed under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and no cardioplegia was used. Pre-operative left ventriculography and echocardiography showed global hypocontractility of the hearts with ejection fraction lower than 20% in all patients who were considered candidates for cardiac transplantation. Males were predominant (n=73) and the age varied from 19 to 74 years. The pathologies were: viral miocarditis (n=12); post miocardioplasty (n=1); Chagas' disease (n=15); valvular disease (n=38); ischemic disease (n=16); idiopathic (n=21). Hospital mortality (30 days post operative) (n=13): pulmonary embolus (n=4); renal failure (n=5); bleeding (n=4). Late deaths (after 30 days post-operative) (n=10): arhythmia (n=6); "cardiac failure" (n=2); unknown (n=2); 8 patients required reoperation for bleeding. There were no infection and none required IAPB. All patients had nipride and 19 needed inotropics. Post-op ventriculographies and echocardiographies showed improvement of EF (from 100% to 300%). In conclusion, this new technique "Partial Ventriculectomy", with it's purpose of reducing the ventricular diameter, may benefit patients with end stage heart failure. And this new concept may, in our experience, give the patient improvement in his clinical status and increase life span.

No período de janeiro de 1990 a maio de 1995 foram operados com a técnica do autotransplante cardíaco 92 pacientes com cardiopatias complexas e arritmias supraventriculares, principalmente fibrilação atrial (n=89), reentrada (n=2), QT longo (n=1). O sexo feminino predominou (n=63). A idade variou de 18 a 76 anos (m=43). Os defeitos concomitantes foram: átrio esquerdo gigante (medido pelo ecocardiograma > 6 cm) (n=65); átrio direito gigante (n=9); átrio esquerdo aumentado (< 6 cm/>4 cm) (n=23); estenose mitral (n=46); insuficiência mitral (n=28); dupla lesão mitral (n=16); estenose aórtica (n=12); insuficiência aórtica (n=5); insuficiência tricúspide (n=78); trombose atrial (n=23); calcificação atrial (n=12); hipertensão pulmonar (n=86); fibroelastose biventricular (n=3); rotura atrioventricular (pós-troca de valva mitral) (n=1); aneurisma da raiz aórtica (n=1); ventriculectomia parcial (n=8); 88 pacientes saíram do centro cirúrgico em ritmo sinusal e assim permaneceram; 6 precisaram de drogas inotrópicas e 3 de drogas antiarrítmicas. Todos os pacientes que apresentavam átrio esquerdo ou direito gigante com fibrilação atrial tiveram seus átrios reduzidos ao tamanho normal. Não houve mortalidade operatória e 6 evoluíram a óbito hospitalar. Na reavaliação aos seis meses de pós-operatório, os sobreviventes estavam bem, em ritmo sinusal. A técnica do autotransplante cardíaco facilita o reparo intracardíaco, proporciona a redução atrial e conseqüente retorno do paciente ao ritmo sinusal e abre novas perspectivas.

From January 1990 to May 1995,92 patients with complex cardiac problems and supraventricular arrhythmias were operated upon with the technique of heart autotransplantation. The arrhythmias were: atrial fibrillation (n=89); reentry (n=2); long QT syndrome (n=1). Females predominated (n=63). The age varied from 18 to 76 years (m=43). Concomittant defects were: giant left atrium (> 6 cm measured by echo) (n=65); giant right atrium (n=9); large left atrium (< 6 cm./>4 cm) (n=23); mitral stenosis (n=46); mitral insufficiency (n=28); mitral double lesion (n=16); aortic stenosis (n=12); aortic insufficiency (n=5); tricuspid insufficiency (n=75); atrial thrombosis (n=23); atrial calcification (n=12); pulmonnary hypertension (n=86); biventricular fibroelastose (n=3); atrioventricular rupture (n=1); aortic root aneurysm (n=1); partial ventriculectomy (n=8); 88 patients left the operating room and remained in sinus rhythm; 6 required inotropic drugs and 3 antiarrhythmic drugs. All patients with giant atria and atrial fibrillation had their atria reduced to normal sizes. There were no OR mortality and 6 patients died during hospitalization. Six months later the survivors were clinically well, in sinus rhythm. The technique of heart autotransplantation facilitates intracardiac reppairs, provides atrial reduction and returns patients with atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm, and opens new frontiers.